Commercial Asphalt Roof: A Comprehensive Guide
Commercial asphalt roofing represents a significant investment for any business owner. Choosing the right roofing system is crucial for protecting your property, employees, and assets. This comprehensive guide explores the various aspects of commercial asphalt roofing, covering different types, installation procedures, maintenance tips, cost considerations, and more. We aim to provide you with the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions about your commercial roofing needs.
Understanding Commercial Asphalt Roofing
Asphalt roofing, a staple in the residential sector, also holds a prominent position in commercial construction. Its popularity stems from its affordability, durability, and relatively easy installation compared to other roofing materials. While the fundamental principles remain the same, commercial asphalt roofing differs from residential in terms of scale, regulations, and specific product offerings designed to withstand the demands of larger, often flatter, roof surfaces.
What Makes Commercial Asphalt Roofing Different?
Several factors distinguish commercial asphalt roofing from its residential counterpart:
Scale: Commercial buildings typically have much larger roof areas than residential homes. This requires a roofing system that can efficiently cover a vast expanse while maintaining consistent performance.
Building Codes and Regulations: Commercial roofing projects are subject to stricter building codes and regulations compared to residential projects. These regulations often address fire resistance, wind uplift resistance, and energy efficiency.
Roof Slope: Commercial buildings often feature low-slope or flat roofs. This necessitates specialized asphalt roofing systems designed to prevent water ponding and ensure proper drainage.
Material Specifications: Commercial asphalt roofing materials are often manufactured to higher standards to withstand the increased demands of commercial environments, including higher foot traffic for maintenance, exposure to industrial pollutants, and potentially larger temperature fluctuations.
Installation Techniques: Commercial asphalt roofing installation often involves specialized techniques and equipment to ensure proper adhesion, waterproofing, and long-term performance across the large roof area.
Types of Commercial Asphalt Roofing Systems
The world of commercial asphalt roofing offers a variety of systems, each tailored to specific building requirements and performance expectations. Understanding these options is essential for selecting the most appropriate solution for your needs.
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-Up Roofing (BUR) is a traditional commercial roofing system composed of multiple layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics (felts or mats) that are applied in alternating layers. The top layer is typically finished with gravel or a reflective coating to provide protection from the elements. BUR systems are known for their durability, fire resistance, and relative affordability.
Advantages of BUR:
– Proven durability and longevity
– Excellent fire resistance
– Relatively low cost compared to some other commercial roofing systems
– Seamless construction, minimizing leak potential
Disadvantages of BUR:
– Labor-intensive installation process
– Strong asphalt odor during installation
– Can be heavy, requiring adequate structural support
– Requires specialized equipment and experienced installers
Modified Bitumen Roofing
Modified Bitumen (MB) roofing systems are asphalt-based systems modified with polymers to enhance their flexibility, durability, and resistance to weathering. These systems typically consist of one or more layers of modified bitumen sheets that are adhered to the roof deck using heat, cold-applied adhesives, or self-adhering membranes.
There are two primary types of modified bitumen membranes: APP (Atactic Polypropylene) and SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene).
APP Modified Bitumen: APP membranes are modified with plastic polymers, making them more rigid and resistant to UV degradation. They are typically installed using a torch-applied method.
SBS Modified Bitumen: SBS membranes are modified with rubber polymers, making them more flexible and elastic. They are often installed using cold-applied adhesives or self-adhering membranes.
Advantages of Modified Bitumen:
– Excellent flexibility and resistance to cracking
– Good durability and long lifespan
– Available in a variety of application methods
– Can be installed on low-slope or flat roofs
– Improved resistance to temperature fluctuations compared to BUR
Disadvantages of Modified Bitumen:
– Can be more expensive than BUR
– Torch-applied installation (for APP) requires careful attention to safety
– Some types may be susceptible to puncture damage
Asphalt Shingle Roofing
While often associated with residential roofing, asphalt shingles can also be used on commercial buildings, particularly those with steeper slopes. Commercial-grade asphalt shingles are typically thicker and more durable than residential shingles, offering enhanced wind resistance and longevity.
Advantages of Asphalt Shingles:
– Relatively low cost
– Easy to install
– Available in a wide variety of colors and styles
– Good fire resistance
Disadvantages of Asphalt Shingles:
– Not suitable for flat or low-slope roofs
– Shorter lifespan compared to BUR or modified bitumen
– Susceptible to wind damage in high-wind areas
– Can be affected by extreme temperature fluctuations
Other Asphalt-Based Systems
Beyond the main categories, other asphalt-based systems exist, often hybrids or specialized solutions designed for specific challenges. These might include:
Cold-Applied Asphalt Systems: These systems utilize asphalt emulsions or cutbacks that can be applied without heating, reducing odor and fire hazards. They are suitable for repairs, maintenance, and in some cases, entire roof replacements.
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Coatings: These coatings can be applied over existing roofing systems to extend their lifespan and improve their performance. They offer benefits like UV protection, waterproofing, and reflectivity.
Commercial Asphalt Roofing Installation
Proper installation is paramount to the long-term performance and durability of any commercial asphalt roofing system. It’s crucial to select a qualified and experienced roofing contractor who understands the specific requirements of commercial projects and adheres to industry best practices.
The Installation Process
The installation process varies depending on the type of asphalt roofing system being installed, but generally involves the following steps:
1. Roof Assessment and Preparation: The contractor will thoroughly inspect the existing roof deck to identify any damage or weaknesses. They will also remove any existing roofing materials and prepare the surface for the new system. This may involve repairing or replacing damaged sections of the roof deck, cleaning the surface, and applying a primer.
2. Underlayment Installation: An underlayment is a protective layer installed between the roof deck and the asphalt roofing material. It provides an additional barrier against water infiltration and helps to protect the roof deck from damage. Different types of underlayment are available, including felt paper, synthetic underlayment, and self-adhering membranes. The choice of underlayment depends on the specific requirements of the roofing system and the local climate.
3. Asphalt Roofing Material Installation: The asphalt roofing material is then installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and industry best practices. This may involve torch-applying modified bitumen sheets, adhering BUR layers, or nailing asphalt shingles to the roof deck. Proper overlap and sealing are essential to prevent water leaks.
4. Flashing Installation: Flashing is used to seal areas around chimneys, vents, skylights, and other roof penetrations. It prevents water from entering the building through these vulnerable areas. Flashing materials can include metal, rubber, or plastic. Proper flashing installation is crucial for preventing leaks and maintaining the integrity of the roofing system.
5. Final Inspection: Once the installation is complete, the contractor will conduct a final inspection to ensure that the roofing system is properly installed and that all details are addressed. This may involve checking for leaks, verifying proper flashing installation, and ensuring that the roof surface is smooth and even.
Key Considerations for Installation
Several key considerations are vital during the installation process to ensure a successful outcome:
Weather Conditions: Asphalt roofing installation should be performed in dry weather with moderate temperatures. Extreme heat or cold can affect the adhesion and performance of the roofing materials. Avoid installing asphalt roofing during periods of rain, snow, or high winds.
Safety Precautions: Roofing work can be dangerous. Contractors must take appropriate safety precautions to protect themselves and others from injury. This includes wearing proper safety gear, using fall protection equipment, and following safe work practices.
Adherence to Manufacturer’s Instructions: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installing the specific asphalt roofing system being used. Deviations from these instructions can void the warranty and compromise the performance of the roofing system.
Proper Ventilation: Adequate roof ventilation is essential for preventing moisture buildup and maintaining the lifespan of the roofing system. Ensure that the attic or roof space is properly ventilated to allow for air circulation and moisture removal.
Commercial Asphalt Roofing Maintenance
Regular maintenance is crucial for extending the lifespan of your commercial asphalt roof and preventing costly repairs. A proactive maintenance program can identify potential problems early on and address them before they escalate into major issues.
Routine Inspections
Regular roof inspections are the cornerstone of any effective maintenance program. Schedule inspections at least twice a year, typically in the spring and fall. Additionally, inspect the roof after any severe weather events, such as heavy rain, hail, or high winds.
During inspections, look for the following:
– Damaged or missing shingles: Replace any damaged or missing shingles promptly to prevent water infiltration.
– Cracks or blisters: Cracks and blisters can indicate underlying problems with the roofing system. Have these areas inspected by a professional roofing contractor.
– Granule loss: Granule loss is a natural part of the aging process, but excessive granule loss can expose the asphalt to UV degradation and reduce the lifespan of the shingles.
– Ponding water: Ponding water can damage the roofing system and lead to leaks. Ensure that the roof is properly sloped and that drainage systems are functioning properly.
– Clogged gutters and downspouts: Clogged gutters and downspouts can cause water to back up onto the roof, leading to leaks and damage. Clean gutters and downspouts regularly.
– Damaged flashing: Inspect flashing around chimneys, vents, and other roof penetrations for damage or corrosion. Repair or replace damaged flashing promptly.
– Vegetation growth: Remove any vegetation growing on the roof, as it can trap moisture and damage the roofing system.
Cleaning and Debris Removal
Regularly clean the roof to remove debris such as leaves, branches, and dirt. Use a soft brush or broom to sweep away debris. Avoid using harsh chemicals or pressure washers, as they can damage the roofing materials.
Repairing Minor Damage
Address minor damage promptly to prevent it from escalating into major problems. This may involve replacing damaged shingles, patching small cracks, or sealing leaks. Consult with a professional roofing contractor for more complex repairs.
Professional Maintenance Services
Consider hiring a professional roofing contractor to perform regular maintenance services, such as:
– Roof cleaning: Professional roof cleaning services can remove algae, moss, and other stains from the roof surface.
– Roof coating: Applying a protective roof coating can extend the lifespan of the roofing system and improve its energy efficiency.
– Roof repairs: Professional roofing contractors can perform a wide range of repairs, from minor shingle replacements to major structural repairs.
Cost Considerations for Commercial Asphalt Roofing
The cost of a commercial asphalt roofing system can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the type of system, the size of the roof, the complexity of the installation, and the location of the project. Understanding these factors is crucial for budgeting and making informed decisions.
Factors Affecting Cost
The following factors can influence the cost of a commercial asphalt roofing system:
Type of Roofing System: BUR systems tend to be less expensive than modified bitumen systems, while asphalt shingles are generally the most affordable option. However, the lifespan and performance characteristics of each system should also be considered.
Roof Size and Complexity: Larger and more complex roofs will naturally require more materials and labor, increasing the overall cost. Factors such as the number of penetrations, the slope of the roof, and the accessibility of the site can all affect the installation cost.
Material Quality: Higher-quality roofing materials will typically cost more upfront but may offer better durability and a longer lifespan, resulting in lower long-term costs.
Labor Costs: Labor costs can vary depending on the location of the project and the experience of the roofing contractor. Obtain multiple quotes from different contractors to compare pricing and ensure that you are getting a fair price.
Underlayment and Flashing: The type and quality of underlayment and flashing materials can also affect the cost of the roofing system. Choose materials that are appropriate for the specific roofing system and the local climate.
Permits and Inspections: Building permits and inspections are typically required for commercial roofing projects. The cost of these permits and inspections can vary depending on the local jurisdiction.
Removal and Disposal of Existing Roofing: The cost of removing and disposing of the existing roofing materials can add to the overall project cost. This cost will depend on the type and amount of roofing material being removed.
Budgeting for a Commercial Asphalt Roof
When budgeting for a commercial asphalt roof, consider the following:
Obtain Multiple Quotes: Get quotes from at least three reputable roofing contractors. Compare the quotes carefully, paying attention to the scope of work, the materials being used, and the warranty offered.
Factor in Contingency Costs: Unexpected issues can arise during roofing projects, such as hidden damage or unforeseen repairs. Set aside a contingency fund to cover these potential costs.
Consider Long-Term Costs: Focus not only on the upfront cost but also on the long-term costs of the roofing system, such as maintenance and repairs. A more durable and long-lasting system may be a better investment in the long run.
Explore Financing Options: If you are unable to pay for the roofing project upfront, explore financing options such as loans or leases. Many roofing contractors offer financing plans to help customers spread out the cost of the project.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
A life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) can help you evaluate the total cost of ownership of a commercial asphalt roofing system over its entire lifespan. This analysis takes into account the initial cost, maintenance costs, repair costs, and replacement costs. By comparing the LCCA of different roofing systems, you can make a more informed decision about which system is the most cost-effective in the long run.
Choosing the Right Commercial Roofing Contractor
Selecting the right roofing contractor is perhaps the most critical decision you’ll make regarding your commercial asphalt roof. A qualified and experienced contractor can ensure proper installation, provide valuable advice, and offer reliable warranty coverage.
Key Qualifications and Experience
Look for the following qualifications and experience when choosing a commercial roofing contractor:
Licensing and Insurance: Verify that the contractor is properly licensed and insured in your state. This protects you from liability in case of accidents or damage.
Experience with Commercial Projects: Choose a contractor with extensive experience in commercial roofing projects. Commercial roofing requires specialized knowledge and skills that differ from residential roofing.
Manufacturer Certifications: Many roofing manufacturers offer certifications to contractors who meet specific training and quality standards. These certifications indicate that the contractor is knowledgeable about the manufacturer’s products and installation procedures.
References and Reviews: Ask the contractor for references from past clients. Contact these references to inquire about their experience with the contractor. Also, check online reviews and ratings to get a sense of the contractor’s reputation.
Safety Record: Ensure that the contractor has a strong safety record. A safe contractor is less likely to experience accidents or delays on the job site.
Questions to Ask Potential Contractors
Ask potential contractors the following questions to assess their qualifications and experience:
– What is your experience with commercial asphalt roofing systems?
– Are you licensed and insured in this state?
– Do you have any manufacturer certifications?
– Can you provide references from past clients?
– What is your safety record?
– What type of warranty do you offer?
– How long will the project take to complete?
– What is the total cost of the project?
Evaluating Bids and Proposals
When evaluating bids and proposals, consider the following:
– Scope of Work: Ensure that the bid clearly outlines the scope of work, including the materials being used, the installation procedures, and the warranty offered.
– Pricing: Compare the pricing of different bids carefully. Be wary of bids that are significantly lower than the others, as this may indicate that the contractor is cutting corners.
– Payment Schedule: Understand the payment schedule and make sure that it is reasonable. Avoid paying a large upfront deposit.
– Warranty: Review the warranty carefully and make sure that it covers both materials and labor.
Environmental Considerations
Asphalt roofing, like any construction material, has environmental implications. Increasingly, businesses are seeking sustainable roofing solutions to minimize their environmental footprint.
Recycled Content
Some asphalt roofing products contain recycled content, such as recycled tires or recycled asphalt shingles. Using products with recycled content can help to reduce waste and conserve natural resources.
Reflective Roofing
Reflective roofing materials, also known as cool roofs, can help to reduce energy consumption by reflecting sunlight and reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the building. This can lead to lower cooling costs and a reduced carbon footprint.
Sustainable Manufacturing Practices
Choose roofing manufacturers that employ sustainable manufacturing practices, such as reducing waste, conserving energy, and minimizing emissions. Look for manufacturers that are certified by organizations such as the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).
End-of-Life Recycling
Consider the end-of-life recycling options for your asphalt roofing system. Some asphalt shingles can be recycled and used in asphalt pavement. Check with local recycling facilities to see if they accept asphalt shingles.
Conclusion
Commercial asphalt roofing remains a viable and cost-effective option for many businesses. By understanding the different types of systems, the installation process, maintenance requirements, cost considerations, and environmental implications, you can make informed decisions that will protect your property and contribute to a sustainable future. Remember to choose a qualified and experienced roofing contractor to ensure a successful and long-lasting roofing system.